What is the significance of the “need to know” principle in data access?

The "need to know" principle is crucial in data access because it ensures that only individuals who require specific information to perform their job responsibilities are granted access to that information. This targeted access is fundamental to maintaining data confidentiality and security, particularly in sensitive environments such as healthcare, finance, or any other field that handles private or proprietary information. Restricting access minimizes the risk of unauthorized use or disclosure of data, thereby protecting both the integrity of the information and the privacy of individuals involved. By adhering to this principle, organizations can effectively manage their data access policies and mitigate potential threats or breaches, reinforcing their overall data governance framework.